The 100th returned to Kiel with the primary the sub-pens some half
mile southwest of the mouth of the Kiel Canal. Bombing was restricted to
visual as there were some Red Cross barges with supplies for Allied POWs
in Holland using the canal April 3rd. The secondary was the submarine
buildings across the river, and was approved for H2X drops. The
secondary was finally bombed around 1041 hours through solid undercast
with results reported as poor. There was heavy flak in the target area,
the effect of which was somewhat moderated by the use of chaff and 'spot
jammers'. There were no 100th aircraft lost.
April 4, 1945
Vernon Sheedy notes: "Three-day passes effective today."
April 5, 1945
The 100th's target was Nurnburg.
From Century Bombers, Jim Lanz recalls the mission:
"We were after rail targets in the center of the city. , Weather
was our main difficulty. There was a ceiling of 300 feet and about
500 yards visibility on take-off. We were told the ceiling was only
10,000 feet high and we were to assemble over France. However, after
take-off we didn't reach the top of the overcast until we were deep
in France and at 25,000 feet. Our airspeed kept dropping off on the
way up and clear ice gathered on our wings.
The assembly was a rare thing too. We were in the low squadron
and the lead ship kept us in the clouds. Flying in the clouds and
propwash was no fun. We finally got together though and were on our
way. We reached the target and started on the bomb run. It was
fourteen minutes long and seemed like an hour. The flak was intense
and they were tracking us. The little black puffs were blossoming at
our altitude just off our left wing and I thought the next burst
would have us for sure. It didn't, though and we made a sharp right
turn off the target.
We thought we'd seen the worst of it and had already considered
this a rough mission but we didn't know what was in store for us.
The leaders saw some breaks in the cloud layer and started letting
down between them. Finally we were between two cloud layers about
1,000 feet apart and ran into a blank wall. The squadron above us
started breaking up and B-17's were going every which way. I
expected one to come diving down into the middle of us at any
minute. Out squadron stuck together some way. All we could see was
the faint outline of a wing beside us and we stuck on that. Our
squadron leader did what I thought was a smart thing when he turned
30° to the right and flew for five minutes and then returned to
course. In this way we got out of the way of some of those squadrons
that were breaking up. We continued our let down to 300 feet before
breaking into rain. But at least we could see the ground now. We
flew over Holland and Belgium and thought, except for the battle
across the North Sea, that we has seen the worst of it. . However
just as we were crossing the coastline at an altitude of 500 feet we
were fired upon by flak and 20mm cannon. I thought we had it for
sure. Our plane had it's tail lifted up by flak and just as it's
nose started down another burst caught it and pushed it back up. I
told the boys to start strafing the shore with our 50's and you
could see the tracers making their path towards the shore. They were
still tracking us but didn't score any hits. A little later Ray
Blohm was coming back over the same spot. They shot his ship all up
and tore a tire to shreds but he brought it back okay. We finally
got back ourselves and I could have kissed that good old Mother
Earth. Johnnie (Greenlee) did most of the flying coming back. . . "
Due to the weather Lt. Griswold Smith was forced to land at Merville,
France, which is just across the Belgian border. Here they received fuel
(600 gallons) and returned safely to Thorpe Abbotts.
The 100th lost one aircraft; B-17G 43-37636, flown by the Robert
Estes crew. All nine men aboard perished, the aircraft has never been
located and apparently crashed into the North Sea. They had been at
Thorpe Abbotts only ten days and likely this was their first mission.
The body of the Navigator, Lt. Dale Giebelhaus, was washed ashore at
some later date.
April 6, 1945
The 100th's target was Leipzig, a rail center. It was reported by Jim
Lantz to have been a pathfinder attack. The results are not reported.
Weather at Thorpe Abbotts made landing difficult but there were no
damage to 100th aircraft from landing accidents. During the day, however
a B-24 of the 445th crashed while attempting to land at Thorpe Abbotts.
The B-24 crashed east of the base near the village of Thorpe Abbotts.
April 7, 1945
The target was Buchen and the mission was led by Major John Gibbons
flying with the Capt. David Hutchinson crew. Lt. Griswold Smith recalls:
"Our target was an underground oil storage depot on a canal near
Hamburg. The ground fog was very bad and you couldn't see twenty yards
and since the target has such a low priority, they were thinking if
calling it off. First came a thirty minute delay, then a four hour
delay. We lay around in the crew chief's tent hoping and praying that
the mission wouldn't be scrubbed as it was supposed to be a milk run
with no flak.
Well it wasn't scrubbed and we took off four hours late. We were
flying number two in the third element of the High Squadron.
We had barely gotten into enemy territory when they called "Bandits
in the area" over the VHF. . . Then I heard the Groups in front of us
calling for P-51's as they were being hit by Me-109's. Earl Baugh (Tail
Gunner) was the first of the crew to see an enemy fighter. He reported
them attacking and shooting down a straggler.
The first pass was made from seven o'clock low - up through "C "
Squadron and on to us. Baugh and Anthony Russo (Ball Turret Gunner) were
the first in the squadron to open fire. This Me-109 put a couple of
slugs into us - one went through the nose and almost got Wilk (Paul
Wilkerson, the Bombardier and Turnip (Wilson Turnipseed) the Navigator.
The ship went past us and turned back down on us -- Wilk and Stanley
Szalwinski (the Engineer) were pouring 50's into him from their two
turrets and John O'Leary got in a few from the waist. I think he was
diving directly for us, but he came just in front and knocked the left
horizontal stabilizer off the ship in front of us. That Me-109 diving
into the formation spurting flames all over presented such a vivid
picture I'll never forget it. When he hit the ship in front of us, his
wing (the Me-109) flew off and went over my wing and knocked one of the
horizontal stabilizers off the ship behind us in the 'diamond' (Lt. Joe
King). Both ships managed to make it back to England and both pilots
were awarded the D. F. C. for bringing them back. . .
Another Me-109 came in from five o'clock high. Everyone said he was
coming directly at us, but our gunners put out so much lead that he
diverted and crashed into the ship in our position in the Lead Squadron
just below and in front of us. We saw both ships explode.
The reason we got so many attacks directed at us was because we were
the top ship and the corner ship in the Group and therefore, around us
was the least possible concentration of friendly fire. The enemy
fighters stayed with us for about an hour.
We were flying at 15,000 feet as no flak was expected; however, there
was plenty at the target. I never thought I would be glad to see flak,
but I was that day because it meant the fighters wouldn't come in. We
started out with ten ships in our Squadron and on bombs away, there were
six.
We were sure glad to get back home. There was plenty of close support
by the P-51's all the way back across the North Sea -- I guess they
finally found us. And to think -- I met plenty of boys in London who
completed an entire tour without seeing a single enemy fighter.
Lt. Howard went down on this mission. A FW-190 got him on one pass, a
diving fly through attack. His navigator, Douglas Jones had gone to
Navigation School with Turnip. The three of us had gone to Norwich the
night before on pass. I understand he was taken prisoner and was
released after VE-Day -- the civilians who captured him had knocked his
front teeth out. "
Lt William Cook does not appear on the orders sending this crew to
the 100th, but a letter from L. C. Fillingame (1982) to James R. Brown
(100th Senior Historian) lists Cook as being on the crew. Crew flew
first mission on 28 Jan 1945 and their thirtieth mission on 18 Apr 1945.
. . . paul west
April 11, 1945
On the 11th, the Hundredth, led by Colonel Sutterlin, took off for
Landshut, where at 12. 59 and from 17,700 feet, twenty-eight B-17's
released 75 tons of bombs with 'excellent results' on an ordnance depot
and small arms factory.
Billy Bittle writes: 'Landshut—north east of Munich. Visual all the
way. Target was creamed, and this was the Hundredth Bomb Group's 300th
Mission. No flak. . . Saw front lines at 0930 East and artillery fire.
Bandits reported, but none attacked us. We led the Third Division and
all the targets of the day were in the area. Flying time: 8 hours, 45
minutes. '
A number of the Group's planes, went on to attack the 'marshaling
yards at Ingolstadt. '
Vernon Sheedy notes: 'Rumors of a new Service Group going into
effect soon. '
The American Ninth Army "had reached the Elbe River south west of
Berlin, and were expected to cross within twenty-four hours. "
April 12, 1945
The following morning, the crews were briefed on Neuburg, but '"he
outing was scrubbed. "
April 13, 1945
Vernon Sheedy writes on the 13th, a Friday: "We received word that
President Roosevelt had died. Quite a shock for all the soldiers.
Meeting of the Enlisted Men's Council regarding the 300 Mission Party.
William Henes has the Meritorious Unit Service Plaque just about
completed. "
On the news of the President's death, "'the Post flag was dropped
to half staff. ' In the evening, the men 'observed a five minute period
of silence in his memory. . . "
April 14, 1945
On the 14th, the three Divisions were assigned the German ground
defenses on the French coast. The raid was the first for bombardier
Allen Glaskin, who flew in 'Ship 649' with George Sharpe, co-pilot John
Sanders and navigator John Scott. Lieutenant Glaskin writes: "The
mission was a direct request from the ground troops to knock out the
naval guns guarding the estuary entrance to Bordeaux at Royan. . . Hit
target at 1043 (by squadron bombing) from 20,000 feet on a heading of
340°. Beautiful visual day. No flak. No fighters. "
James Lantz adds: "We were quite surprised when our target was
disclosed to us today. It was three gun emplacements in Southern France.
. Eleven hundred bombs hit the emplacement and really creamed it. . .
Coming over the French coast we could see the results of D Day and the
terrific bombings and shelling the enemy took. There were thousands of
shell holes and Me 109's and Ju 88's were blasted all over in one place.
"
David Wood, co-pilot Tony Pecyk and their crew, had "now completed
their tour of thirty-five missions, intact and with no injuries. "
Lieutenant Wood notes: "On one occasion, after being hit by flak
over Berlin, the ball turret gunner Frank Volk, bravely and voluntarily
remained in the ball to determine the location of the damage and the
amount of fuel being lost. After a tense half hour the leaking stopped
and we returned safely to Thorpe Abbotts. "
Vernon Sheedy writes: "Three Hundred Mission Week called off
because of President Roosevelt's death. To be scheduled later. "
April 15, 1945
The following morning, the Hundredth took off at 05. 35 and returned
to Royan, the French having requested the Eighth "to knock out the
fortifications and barracks area on the north east side. "
At the briefing, the bombardiers were informed, "that the planes
had been loaded with six 650 pound new type incendiaries, which were to
be released from 15,000 feet. "
They were also instructed: "Under no condition salvo the load. . . No
bombs were to be brought back. . . "
James Lantz explains: "Again we went to Royan, where we dropped in
conjunction with the French ground forces who were going to try and take
the place. On the way down we passed over Paris and the Eiffel Tower.
After Bombs Away we could see the French artillery open up on the ground
below us. The way back brought us over Rheims and we saw the famous
cathedral. "
Tonight, Bazin's engineer (Roens Shearwood) came back. He bailed out
of the ship through a hole made by a 20 mm. He landed in Germany and hid
and ran for two nights until he ran into our advancing tanks. The Jerries shot at him on his way down and he saw several other bodies of
Allied airmen who had been riddled by the Germans.
Allen Glaskin writes: "Bombs away at 1044 on a visual target. No
flak. No fighters. Rode home with three engines. . . Arrived at Base
1345. . . "
After these lovely "milk runs" the C. O. decided we needed a little
diversion from our "nerve wracking" work. And so—our first two day pass
in the ETO. Naturally, a good time was had by all in merry old England.
Billy Bittle adds: "Bombed some targets with new type incendiary,
which was jellied gasoline put into fighter auxiliary (paper) gas tanks.
. . They leaked and scared everyone. Was experimental mission. Flying
time: 8 hours, 10 minutes. " The results ranged from 'very good to
poor, depending on the squadron.
During the evening, a Memorial Service was held in Brockdish church,
in honor of the late President. 'In the meantime, the Post flag
continued to fly at half staff and would remain so for thirty days.
The great shock of the day, came when it was officially announced
that the 1141st Quartermaster Company had been disbanded.
Vernon Sheedy writes: "This was a sad day for all of us because we
would like to have finished our time with the 1141st—so be it I guess. A
trip to Paris coming up next Tuesday, but only Bomb Squadron personnel
can go—no support units will be included. "
April 16, 1945
On the 16th and for the third day running, the Group set out for
Royan and missed.
Vernon Sheedy notes: "Personnel from the 1141st Quartermaster
Company transferred to the Headquarters Squadron, 412th Air Service
Group. . . "
During the evening, General Doolittle was informed by General Spaatz,
'"hat they should consider the strategic air war as closed. "
From now on, all targets would be purely tactical.
April 17, 1945
The following morning, the Hundredth was assigned the marshaling
yards at Aussig, where the rail junction and station 'was hit with good
to excellent results. '
James Lantz recalls: "Took off at ten a. m. and formed at 3000
feet over Buncher 28. We bombed from 20,000 feet in heavy clouds. Just
before the Initial Point we ran into some flak from Brux and one of our
fighter escorts, from the 357th, received a direct hit and blew up with
a burst of orange flame. The boys saw another P-51 and a B-17 go down.
Because of the heavy mist we made three runs on the target. . . "
Vernon Sheedy writes: "Two explosions this morning—B-24's. Three
explosions this afternoon—shook the buildings. . . 662nd Air Material
Squadron activated; Captain Scharding assumed Command today. "
April 18, 1945
On the 18th, the Hundredth set out for the marshaling yards at Tabor,
but went on to attack the secondary target, the marshaling yards at
Straubing, with good to excellent results.
During the day, B-17 42-32090, known as the 'Silver Dollar, ' was
damaged in a taxing accident. It was soon rebuilt and stripped of all
armament, was then used as a hack ship by Colonel Jeffrey.
Vernon Sheedy notes: "'Moving into Huts and changing around in
Site number 6. Had to move into a new Orderly Room . "
April 19, 1945
There was no air operations -- General Spaatz messaged all commands
that the Strategic Air War was over effective 16 April 1945. Around
midnight a large explosion was heard and thought to have been a V-2. One
of the 100th planes was declared salvaged - #44-6817.
April 20, 1945
On the 20th, the Hundredth, led by Major J. Stivers and Carl
Hellerich, took off at 06. 00 and headed for Oranienburg, where at 10.
15 and from 22,500 feet, twenty-nine of its planes released ten 500
pound bombs on the marshaling yards with good results.
Billy Bittle notes: "Bombed suburb of Berlin, just north of the
center. (Oranienburg). Visual target. Flak (155 mm) was to left. Last
mission to get sortie credit for. Flying time: 7 hours, 45 minutes. "
Robert Wilkes, co-pilot George Baugher and their crew, had now
completed their tour with thirty-three missions and were allowed to fly
back to the USA. On their first raid, they ran out of gas and landed at
a fighter base at Etain, where they spent six days, to return on January
llth.
Jim Brown adds: "Two men remained in England; waist gunner Bernard
Adams, who had been wounded in action, but who later finished a tour and
an enlisted man, who had received more than he had planned on from a
London lass and who was hospitalized for a time. "
April 21, 1945
The target was an airport east of Munich -- secondary target was a
marshaling yard in the city itself. With each plane loaded with
twenty-two 250 pound bombs, the mission was unexpectedly scrubbed just
before take off.
April 22, 1945
There were no air operations. Vernon Sheedy writes on the 22nd:
"Today starts the 300th Mission Week celebration. . . Captain Scharding
to Paris, France today at 2. 30 from Honington. The 'Red Army was
battling inside Berlin. "
April 23, 1945
The crews were briefed on a railway intersection at Buchen. As on the
21st, the mission was scrubbed. Then the truth suddenly dawned—there was
no place to go. For the men of the Hundredth, the bombing was over.
Several hours later, a convoy wound its way into Thorpe Abbotts, and the
trucks were unloaded in the ordnance area. The load consisted of
strange, cylindrically-shaped metal containers. In a few brief courses,
the armorers and ordnance men were taught how to load the containers
into the bomb bays.
April 24, 1945
The crews then flew a number of test flights over the Field,
releasing their loads over the runways from a very low altitude.
Vernon Sheedy notes: "Mysterious hole in the Field across from
Site Number 6. No one seems to know what it is. . . Probably caused by
an explosion. "
During the evening, a big party was held at the Big Top Club.
April 25, 1945
On the 25th, the containers 'were loaded with food and supplies. At
the same time, the men were officially informed: The civilian population
of Occupied Holland, particularly in the cities, is suffering from lack
of food as a result of their isolation and occupation by enemy troops,
and deaths are occurring at the rate of several thousand per day. In
order to alleviate famine conditions, this Air Force and the R. A. F.
have been ordered to drop food supplies in the vicinity of the larger
cities West and Southwest of the Zuider Zee. A truce with the German
forces occupying this portion of Holland is being made in order that our
Air Force may fly unmolested at required low altitudes through defended
areas.
All crews will be cautioned against committing a hostile act of any
kind while over Holland. Second runs are not authorized if aircraft are
being fired upon from the ground. All aircraft are cautioned to stay
south of a line running east and west from the Den Helder. The truce
does not extend north of this line.
Allen Gaskin recalls: "We were to drop food and supplies to the
Dutch directly southeast of Amsterdam. . . Mission scrubbed. Jerry
refused to sign the flak truce. RAF and the rest of the Eighth going to
bomb Hitler's hideout at Berchtesgaden. "
April 26, 27, 1945
No air operations.
April 28, 1945
The crews were alerted for a Chowhound drop, but the mission was
scrubbed. The rest of the day, continued as it began, with lots of snow.
The Stars and Stripes reported: "Peace rumors sweep the world as
Himmler surrender offer disclosed. Mussolini 'was executed."
April 29, 1945
Vernon Sheedy notes on the 29th: "Captain Scharding from Paris to
duty. Cold all day, wind blowing. Rumors flying around here fast and
thick—going home, etc. "
April 30, 1945
No air operations – "Pay Day. . . Last one with the 1141st
Quartermaster Company involved. Lots of snow this morning—approximately
two inches. The English do not seem to like us to have so much snow in
April. " adds Veron Sheedy.
May 1, 1945
After bad weather had grounded the ships three times, the Hundredth
set out for Walkenburg, where bombardiers Alfred Paterno, Arthur Zemske
and Herman Calvert, dropped the parachute containers on the large white
crosses which were used to mark the target' and where thirty-seven of
the Group's forty planes dispatched, released 71. 7 tons of supplies.
Luckily the Nazis did not interfere. It seemed that General
Eisenhower's message, sent to the German commander notifying him that
any interference with the dropping operations would result in the guilty
parties being treated as violators of the rules of warfare, had taken
effect.
Billy Bittle recalls: "Hague (Holland)—Dropped food on airfield at
400 feet. Truce with Germans, so we weren't fired on. Had specific
corridor and altitude to fly. Saw lots of Germans in the squares. Dutch
people on rooftops were waving American and Dutch flags. People were
running onto the airfield while the planes were dropping cases of "C"
Rations. Don't know how many committed suicide. "
In all, 392 B-17's released 776 tons of supplies over four
objectives. As the missions were not considered combat sorties, a number
of ground personnel also went along, to help push out the sacks and
boxes. During the day, it was announced that Hitler was dead. The 'Red
Flag flew over Berlin's Reichstag.
May 2, 1945
The following morning, forty of the Group's planes were dispatched to
Schiphol, where thirty-nine released 76. 7 tons of supplies.
Billy Bittle writes: "I vividly remember this drop, as we were
literally skimming the terrain, and pulling up to miss buildings and
smokestacks. I'm sure there were many broken window panes that day from
the continued prop changes to maintain airspeed. . . We also had the
first fresh fruit we'd seen in months—oranges. Thinking about the Dutch
people and their austerity diets, I filled my flight jacket with oranges
and dropped them over Amsterdam to the people waving flags. I always
regretted not having a camera on that trip, because we could clearly see
the faces, waves and happiness of the people. We could also see the
German troops standing in formation in the streets. We were flying
single file, and the drop zone was an open field outside Amsterdam. The
area was lined with people who began running onto the field after the
first plane dropped its cargo. "
The Germans in Italy had surrendered.
May 3, 1945
Twenty of the Group's planes made their way to Bergen and released
37. 7 tons of supplies. A further twenty-one dropped 'the same amount on
Hilversum.
Allen Gaskin flew with the latter and notes: "Same restrictions
applied, with nothing to go after 1155. Salvo load—British supplies in
reinforced burlap sacks from 400 feet. Take off 0930. Estimated Time of
Return 1248. No opposition expected. . . Forty enemy planes in area
protecting shipping so take guns. Soup's on at 1130. Great sight to see
people jumping for joy upon seeing us so low. "
The British had captured Hamburg. . . Prague was declared an open
city.
May 4, 1945
The scheduled mission was scrubbed due to the miserable weather and
10/10 clouds. The ceiling was zero over the Channel and parts of
Holland. During the evening, it was announced that Field Marshall
Montgomery had, or was going to accept the German surrender at Luneburg.
May 5, 1945
Twenty-one of the Group's planes released 37. 7 tons of supplies over
Bergen airfield. Twenty more made their way to Hilversum, where sixteen
dropped 30 tons—four dropped 7. 4 tons on Baarn.
Allen Glaskin writes: "Each ship departed over Southwold at thirty
second intervals and flew singly to target area. "
Germans surrendered today in Holland—and everywhere we flew over, we
saw Dutch flags, on every farm, house and field. Never saw such
deliriously happy people. We buzzed a few towns (at around 150 feet) and
people waved and jumped for joy all over the place. Rotterdam is really
a mess. Hope Berlin looks twice as bad (probably does). ' A little
later, Queen Wilhelmina addressed the Dutch people.
May 6, 1945
Eighteen of the Group's planes released 33. 9 tons of supplies over
Bergen. Nineteen were dispatched to Hilversum, where they dropped 32. 1
tons.
May 7, 1945
Thirty-eight planes released 66. 8 tons over Schiphol.
Allen Glaskin notes: "Once again single ships all the way in and
back again. British supplies dropped at Schiphol Airport just south of
Amsterdam. Altitude 300 feet. Take off 1130. Initial Point 1430
(Ijmuiden).
Target 1437. Home 1600. "
On his return, Lieutenant Glaskin added: "Something big up as they
collected our pistols and ammunition upon landing. . . Just heard (nine
p. m. ) that V-E day (Victory in Europe) is to be announced tomorrow at
three p. m. "
Vernon Sheedy writes: "Peace rumors all day. Base Headquarters put
out a Restriction for all at noon today. No one can leave the Base
unless authorized by the C. O. "
May 8, 1945 VE-Day
Billy Bittle explains: "We picked up thirty French who had been in
a German Prisoner of War Camp. It was a pitiful sight to see how
tattered and emaciated they were. Our crew consisted of pilot, co-pilot,
navigator, flight engineer and radio operator, and we all gave them what
gum, candy, etc. , we had. All the ex-POW's had to be deloused. Lots of
German aircraft
on field, but we didn't dare remove any souvenirs because the Germans
had booby trapped them before retreating. Delivered POW's to Chartres
(south west of Paris). "
James Lantz writes: "Got off at 4. 30 a. m. and flew at 1,000 feet
over France, Germany and Czechoslovakia. . . Along the way we could see
the remains of quite a few B-17's that had been shot down. The German
airfield where we landed was quite good with smooth runways and huge
hangars. (Joseph) Drottar in landing, just before us, had collapsed a
landing gear so we had to go around a couple of times. We parked the
ship and got out and there were thirty French POW's waiting for us. . .
On the way back we flew over Paris and let them get a glimpse of the
Eiffel Tower. We landed at Chartres, where they were hurried out into
the waiting trucks. "
Lieutenant Drottar's aircraft, "The Latest Rumor" (42-97126), was
soon pulled clear of the runway by attaching it to a tank, leaving her
only fit for salvage. In its time at Thorpe Abbotts, the engineers had
replaced fifteen engines .
May 9, 1945
The following morning, the men were "Restricted from traveling on
trains, except for a twenty mile limit. "
This officially ended the 100th's Combat Tour in the European Theater
of Operations in World War II. There remained a few months of moving the
remaining aircraft either to the Zone of Interior or assigning them to
other units in theater and of course the rotating back to the Unites
States of it's personnel. (Paul West)
This version of
THE BOWMAN DIARY
has been reformatted
by Jan Riddling, 100th Bomb Group Historian
July 27, 2003